1.
Typical application:
Diesel engines are used in many Transportation vehicles like trucks trains ships and stationary power generators. Many new developments in diesel driven engines are under way and will make them burn cleaner. But, the cleanliness does not only depend on the quality of the engine, the fuel itself has to be free of contaminants. Even minor amounts of contaminants can easily corrode engines, drastically reduce efficiency and ultimately create more pollution than necessary. Diesel can get contaminated in many ways, letting it sit for a long time, water will accumulate, or from distributing diesel from one container to another eventually reduces the purity. This is difficult to control, but a sensor can be mounted on fuel pumps and trucks to constantly measure the purity, so one will at least know when it is causing damage or engines can be adjusted.
And
finding out the purity of the diesel can be easy if done properly.
This sensor works with refraction rotation and color, which is a
non-destructive way to measure the purity of the diesel. There are many
different types of diesel, each country has different regulations for the
contents of diesel fuel, or even simply, as in gasoline, different types
of local diesel.
The
sensor measures all optical properties.
It
allows the use of the sensor for any kind of fuel or liquid.
1.1
For
vehicle = flow through the sensor with one wire communication.
Communication
= LIN - 2400 to 19 200 bd
- 1start 8 data 1 stop -
64 identifiers
Hazardous
area safety Class 1 group ABCD with one wire protection to protect against
explosion and fire
1.2
For
tank content measurement = Submersible handheld Palm XML also wireless
For
sample testing with sample bottles handheld with Palm XML also wireless
Powered
from Palm battery
Hazardous
area safety Class 1 group ABCD with 4 wire safety barrier to protect
against explosion and fire
Communication
RS 232 XML
<device>
<name>fuel
sensor</name>
<manufacturer>ia</manufacturer>
<model>820</model>
<serial>123456>/serial>
<read>call</read>
</device>
<device>
<name>fuel
sensor</name>
<manufacturer>ia</manufacturer>
<model>820</model>
<serial>123456</serial>
<write>red123 yel123
gre123 blu123 ref123 pol123 tem123</write>
</device>
1.3
For
pumping from tank to barrel = flow through the sensor with a PC
Hazardous
area safety Class 1 group ABCD with 4 wire safety barrier to protect
against explosion and fire
Communication
RS 232 XML
Hazardous
area safety with 4 wire safety barrier
Communication RS 232 XML
<device>
<name>fuel
sensor</name>
<manufacturer>ia</manufacturer>
<model>820</model>
<serial>123456>/serial>
<read>call</read>
</device>
<device>
<name>fuel
sensor</name>
<manufacturer>ia</manufacturer>
<model>820</model>
<serial>123456</serial>
<write>red123 yel123
gre123 blu123 ref123 pol123 tem123</write>
</device>
2.
Principles:
All
physical principles for liquids are temperature sensitive.
For
this reason temperature is integrated in the sensor.
2.1
Measuring
principle of the rotation with polarization state of light
Polarization
state of light has 2 parameters
N
= real part of complex refractive index = depends on absorption
K
= image part of complex refractive index = depends on conductivity
N
and K is unique for every material
See
patent pending
The principle used in a fuel sensor is restricted and calibrated to rotation. Rotation is a common used factor in determining C values from liquid. To define N and K Instant-Analysis uses the following principle: Calibration is done with a microchip via UART and the formula is the following:
C1
= Set rotation to low value XX angle
C2
= Set rotation to high value XX angle
Negative
angles are not considered because fuel and similar liquids are always
positive
Measured
value for low calibration point = A1
Measured
value for high calibration point = A2
Measured
value at any point =
A
Formula for calibration = C1 + ( C2 – C1 ) ( A2 – A1 ) / ( A2 - A )
2.2
Measuring
principle of refraction
Refraction
is measured with 2 differential reading systems
Calibration
is done with a microchip via UART and the formula is the following
C1
= Set refraction to low value X.XX
index of refraction
C2
= Set refraction to high value XXX index of refraction
Measured
value for low calibration point = A1
Measured
value for high calibration point = A2
Measured
value at any point =
A
Formula
for calibration = C1 + ( C2 – C1 ) ( A2 – A1 ) / ( A2 - A )
Set
refraction to low value X,XXX =
index of refraction
See patent pending.
The
principle of this invention is based upon Snell’s law: n1 sinq1
= n2 sinq2.
Where n1 is the refractive index of the surrounding medium and
n2 is the refractive index of the substance being measured, and
q1
is the angle at which the electromagnetic wave (Referenced as em or
electromagnetic wave or light
through out document)
touches a substance with respect to the normal and q2
is the angle at which it goes in to the liquid with respect to the normal.
2.3
Measuring
principle of color
Color
is measured with 4 reading systems
See
patent pending
An
output can be created over the whole visible spectra
3.
The sensor combines all 3 principles.
The
measurements are taken sequentially to avoid overlapping from the emitting
light
This
also keeps the power consumption down.
The
sensor is only active if asked otherwise it is in a sleep mode.
Time table for one complete cycle:
